THE HIGGS BOSON AND THE WEAK
FORCE IVBS (INTERMEDIATE VECTOR BOSONS): GATE-KEEPERS OF THE
MULTIVERSE
John A. Gowan Aug. 2019
The Higgs boson and
its associated IVBs may be fairly characterized as
"gate-keepers" of the Multiverse, in that they control/regulate
the asymmetric products (such as our "matter only" Cosmos) that emerge from the
"all-symmetric" domain of the Multiverse (i.e., the
quantum-mechanical universal "void" of Heisenberg/Dirac).
I assume our Cosmos was born from the
Multiverse spontaneously and a-causally, requiring no net
energy or charge: charges were balanced by antimatter and/or alternative
charge carriers, with positive electromagnetic
energy/entropy balanced by negative gravitational energy/entropy.
Time and probability are not factors in the Creation since the
Multiverse is timeless and its creative potential is essentially
infinite in terms of energy. (The "Multiverse" is the scientific
equivalent of "God").
Conservation is the principal consideration as to what may be
produced from the Multiverse: if it costs nothing, it can be
created; if it can also be conserved, it can be physically
produced as a separate but conjoined and interacting conservation
domain (interacting in that it can be resorbed). Our
electromagnetic Universe is apparently of this latter type.
The difficulty to be overcome in the creation of our separate,
electromagnetic conservation domain (our universe), is simply the
all-symmetric and all-conserving character of the Multiverse,
which means that any matter trying to manifest (escape) is always
annihilated by an exactly corresponding quantity of antimatter.
Our electromagnetic Cosmos emerged from the annihilating embrace
of antimatter by the creation of electrically neutral quark
combinations (such as neutrons), combined with alternative
charge carriers (neutrinos, leptons, mesons), and an
asymmetric weak-force decay (of unknown origin) of primordial
electrically neutral leptoquark-antileptoquark pairs (see: "The Origin of
Matter and Information"). Primordial leptoquarks explain the
otherwise mysterious relationship between the leptons and baryons
(they are derived from one another), and the heavy leptoquark
antineutrinos required to balance the baryon number of our
"baryons only" Cosmos are excellent candidates for the "dark
matter" content of our universe. The three energy families of
quarks and leptons is apparently due to the necessity to produce
sufficient numbers of electrically neutral quark combinations to
launch our universe. There are simply many more (18x) electrically
neutral quark combinations possible with three (rather than
one) quark families.
During this decay
process (essentially the "Big Bang"), various Higgs
bosons with their associated IVBs regulate/govern the
process such that charge-conserved pathways are both made
available and followed, even if they utilize alternative
charge carriers. The escape from the Multiverse may be
asymmetric but it is nevertheless lawful in the sense that it is
charge-conserving, which also means that the pathway can be
retraced, if necessary. The miscreants have not "burned their
bridges", they have instead left by a back door which they found
ajar. Stephen Hawking discovered them returning to the void via
the "quantum radiance" of black holes, fulfilling Noether's Theorem of
symmetry conservation.
It seems likely that "proton decay"
provides another symmetry-conserving
pathway of return to the void of the Multiverse for
asymmetric baryonic matter, perhaps operating (in one instance) at
the extreme (and symmetric) pressure found in the center of black
holes (where baryons are collapsed back into leptoquarks). If such
is the case, black holes would apparently represent the cosmic
solution to the difficult problem of "baryon number"
conservation/balance (both at their event horizons and centers),
accounting for the abundance and utility of black holes. It also
seems likely this problem (proton decay) has a weak-force solution
in the form of a very heavy
Higgs-type boson and IVB combination (Higgs "X" and its
associated IVB family), but if these do not suffice, then gravity
will solve the problem in its own muscular way (via the creation
of antimatter, as Hawking discovered).
We should note here that because time does not exist inside the
"event horizon" of black holes, the time scale for proton decay as
understood by "outsiders" (like ourselves) is completely
ambiguous. Proton decay as seen by "insiders" may be immediate and
explosive - another paradox associated with these fearsome and
fascinating astrophysical objects. (See Leonard
Susskind's book for more on this subject).
The reason why all IVBs are so heavy is that they function by
recreating the energetic environment/metric in which the alternative charge
carriers and elementary particles were first forged, such
that every lepton is exactly the same as every other (of its
type), no matter when or where it is/was/will be created -
circumventing aeons of entropy. This is a necessary symmetry
within the particle domain, for fairly obvious reasons of energy
conservation: any electron must be able to seamlessly "swap out"
with any other electron, no matter when or where either was
created. This is also why IVBs must be particles (or at least
"particle-like"), as particles are immune to the enervating
effects of cosmic expansion.
The Higgs and its IVBs
are "gatekeepers" indeed, ensuring that every elementary particle
within our electromagnetic 4-D domain conforms precisely to type,
so that it may both function properly and be
recycled/conserved/balanced efficiently. There are no "lost sheep"
wandering aimlessly in this fold. This is why the weak
force "Identity" charge is so important to the conservation
of our system - a conservation
domain within the Information Field that is
of equal importance to energy.
The Higgs may be thought of as both a gatekeeper for the
Multiverse, and a gateway to the subset that is our
electromagnetic Cosmos. While we don't know how many different
electromagnetic universes are actually possible (with different
values of "c" for example), we do know that ours has a very
special characteristic: it can (and did) escape the all-symmetric
(and all-annihilating) maternal embrace of the Multiverse to
manifest its own unique, if imperfect (because asymmetric)
identity. (It is easy to see how this ontogeny is reflected in the
Genesis allegory of the all-symmetric Garden of Eden, with the
weak force in the role of the serpent and the Higgs as the
forbidden fruit).
But what features does a "standard issue" electromagnetic
universe come with (features that are "given" without
explanation), and how did ours escape the Multiverse? In addition
to a 4-D metric (spacetime, as
gauged by the electromagnetic constant "c"), we find
massless, electrically neutral "light" and three
electrically charged elementary particles (the massive
"leptons": electron, muon, tau - always in particle-antiparticle
pairs), accompanied by their (nearly) massless neutrinos, which
serve as their crucial alternative
"identity" charges (allowing, in the proper circumstances,
both manifestation and eventual conservation). However, if this
were all there is, such a universe could not manifest, as it has
no possibility of escaping annihilation, having no electrically
neutral massive particles. But in our realized universe, we also
find baryons, heavy composite particles composed of three quarks
(the nuclear particles of atomic matter). Because baryons are not
elementary particles, they require some explanation; we cannot
accept them as simply "given". Baryons are too
complex, they must have a history (an "origin story"), and
that history must be crucial to the process of manifestation.
The "story of baryons" is a tale we must reconstruct by
"reverse engineering": how did we get from the symmetric "leptonic
universe" to the asymmetric universe of leptons and baryons
(atomic matter) we inhabit today? We do so by simply extending the
"leptonic spectrum" (electron, muon, tau) to include a 4th and
heaviest member, the "leptoquark", which we assume must have
existed abundantly during a suitably early, hot, and dense
developmental era of the "Big Bang".
As its name suggests, the leptoquark is a heavy (highly energetic)
lepton which is internally fractured into three subunits, the
so-called "quarks". The leptoquark is the natural terminus of the
leptonic spectrum, as it is so heavy that it seeks and finds a
lower energy solution to the problem of existence and the
self-repulsion of its own electric charge - by dividing
itself and the charge into three lesser subunits, the quarks,
which bear both positive and negative fractional electric charges
(charge subunits of 1/3, 2/3). This also opens the spectacular
possibility of creating an electrically neutral composite heavy
baryon (like the neutron), which will be susceptible to a slow
weak force decay with the emission of a leptoquark antineutrino
(balancing the identity charge). If this decay is asymmetric for
any reason (such
that more antileptoquarks decay during a given time period than
do leptoquarks), then we are well on our way to our present
asymmetric "baryons only" cosmos. (We still don't know exactly why
this asymmetry exists in the weak force, but it obviously must
exist or we wouldn't be here to wonder about it.)
Note that this "history" also explains the origin and character
of the "short-range" strong force between quarks as well as
the relationship between the quarks, baryons, and leptons. The
three energy levels of the quarks and leptons are understood as a
quest for more electrically neutral quark combinations: the whole
"manifestation enterprise" for our universe turns upon achieving
sufficiently many electrically neutral composite massive particles
(such as the neutron and/or its heavier analogs). Finally, our
"reconstruction" provides a strong candidate for the identity of
"dark matter" (heavy leptoquark antineutrinos), one for every
baryon in the universe.
JAG Aug. 12, 2019
Postscript:
We can readily imagine that as our universe
expanded and cooled during the initial micro-moments of its
existence, it passed through the energy-density states
corresponding to the symmetric-energy states of the Higgs and associated
IVBs. (These are high-energy states in which all quarks are
so similar that they can swap identities (among themselves), and
likewise the leptons (among themselves); in the very highest
symmetric-energy states, quarks and
leptons can swap identities, creating leptoquarks, through
which proton decay and creation becomes possible). The creation of
Heisenberg-Dirac virtual particles will allow for considerable
energetic overlap in these processes, while the phenomenon of
charge and charge conservation remains exactly discreet and
rigorous. The weak
force IVBs reference these same symmetric energy states when
they "gauge" or regulate transformations of elementary particles.
As it passed through these symmetric energy states, our universe
picked up its present load of asymmetric "matter only" baryons (by
an unknown weak-force process perhaps involving the asymmetric
decay of electrically
neutral leptoquark-antileptoquark pairs). The resulting
"baryon number debt" of our cosmos must now be discharged by
various astrophysical processes which actually involve the
gravitational creation of antimatter (such as the "Hawking
radiation" and the ultimate "evaporation" of black holes, and
perhaps "proton decay"). Black holes are how we pay for the
asymmetry of our cosmos. "Dark matter" is plausibly composed of
the heavy, residual anti-leptoquark neutrinos which balance the "baryon number
charges" of the nucleons of our "matter only" Cosmos. The
creation of electrically neutral leptoquarks (via the partial
charges of quarks), combined with alternative charge carriers
(leptons, neutrinos), and the mysterious asymmetric weak force
decay of primordial, electrically neutral
leptoquark-antileptoquark particle pairs, allows the "lawful"
(charge conserving) escape of our asymmetric "matter-only" cosmos
from the all-symmetric (and all-annihilating) Multiverse. In this
role, the Higgs boson is indeed "Eve's apple".
God exists because we (and the universe!) desperately need Him to
affirm our significance. Tolstoy thought God was life in the
universe. I would add: God is the universe, the
multiverse, the creative energy, the information, life, the
substance, the spacetime, the physical laws - everything that
exists, in quantity, quality, and principal; atoms, the void, the
forces, the charges, light and gravity, matter and antimatter -
everything. Why does something exist rather than nothing? Because
God exists. No other answer satisfies this most fundamental
question. God seems to be reproducing by making small,
individually limited, fractal editions of himself - culminating
(locally) in humans. Perhaps our great religious leaders are
testaments to this intent. Hence in order to know God, we must
first know ourselves (as the ancients advised).