Human Life-Span Development
General Systems 4x3 Models
(Revised Dec., 2010)
John A. Gowan
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jag8@cornell.edu
johngowan@earthlink.net
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Table of Contents:
Abstract
Fractal or General Systems models have been extended into the area of human life span development, by myself, deliberately, and earlier by my father, and others, following their own agendas (not intentional GS models). A short discussion with both models is presented below.
In applying the 4x3 matrix form to the life span developmental cycles of humans, I chose a generation period of 24 years and a cell period of 6 years. The generation period coincides nicely with the physical "markers" for completion of growth at age 24 (wisdom teeth and final brain development), the cessation of reproductive ability at age 48 (menopause), and the end of the average life span at age 72. The 6 year internal division or individual cell of the generation cycle corresponds to generally recognized growth and social "markers" at ages 6, 12, and 18 - the end of childhood and the beginning of school (6), adolescence, the beginning of sexual maturation (12), and graduation from school, the (legal) beginning of young adulthood and (typically) dispersal from home (to college, the military, or jobs) at 18. The transformative period from 18-24 marks the period of integration of the individual into the adult world at large, including the search for a mate, culminating in a transformed and completed identity through marriage and in-laws (age 24).
In the two succeeding generation cycles (parent and grandparent cycles), the 6 year internal cells are not so obviously marked or easily recognized, but the hypothesis of the General System matrix says they are there nevertheless, and that they consist of stages which are higher system analogs of those in the 1st growth cycle.
Two of these later stages which are commonly recognized are the "mid-life crisis" at about age 42, in the reproductive generation, and its higher analog "retirement" in the grandparent generation at about age 66 - both events leading into transition periods from which we hopefully emerge onto the new and higher plateaus of the next generation cycle - the beginning of wisdom in the first case, and the beginning of spirituality in the second (whether in this life or the next).
I have extended the 4x3 72 year "core" life span development cycle to a 4x4 model, accommodating our modern longer life span with a 4th great-grandparent stage of non-specific and highly individualistic spiritual development stages, which is perhaps simply the beginning in this life of what in more "natural" circumstances would be happening in the next. Some of these higher spiritual stages are discussed in my father's book "Trance, Art, Creativity" . There is also the suggestive notion of the "second childhood" applied to those who have lived long enough to begin a 4th generation cycle, perhaps (in some cases) recapitulating the cycle of development of this life rather than moving on to higher stages.
The "GRST" (Gather, Repeat, Share, Transform) growth stages of the General System matrix are perfectly obvious both horizontally and vertically in the life span developmental table. Here "Gather" corresponds to growth (in various forms), "Repeat" to reproduction, and "Share" to society; "Transformation" characterizes the period of transition between generations, or at the end of life. Corresponding to the four generations, I have chosen the terms "Metabolic" for the 1st generation "growth" cycle, "Reproduction" for the 2nd generation "parental" cycle, "Perception" for the grandparent "leadership" cycle, and "Spirituality" for the 4th or great-grandparent "counselor" cycle. These are the general characteristics which define and describe the major tasks, attributes, or contributions of each generation.
THE ERIKSON-PIAGET-GOWAN PERIODIC DEVELOPMENTAL STAGE CHART
A second developmental table, reproduced from my father's book "Development of the Psychedelic Individual", is shown below my own life stages model. Although my father's table was not produced deliberately from any fractal or General Systems model, it is easy to see that the essential ingredients of either a 4x3 or 4x4 psychological model are present. This model incorporates formal, standard, psychological markers and parameters of development, absent in my own General Systems model.
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| Comments -> | Origins: Birth and Initial Growth of the Generations |
Gender: Family Relations, Siblings |
Society: Mutualism, Peer Groups |
Transformations: Life Stage Transitions |
|
Parameter -> Action -> |
Individual Physiological Gather |
Family Genetic Repeat |
Social Legal Share |
Species Evolutionary Transform |
|
| Comments on
the Generations: |
Structural Hierarchy | ||||
| Metabolic Youth Age 0-24 Growing (Gen. 1) Gather |
G E N E R A T I O N S |
0-6 Birth, Child; Growth; Asexual Functional Development; Self-Awareness; Natal Home Speaking |
7-12 Boys and Girls; First Adult Teeth; Gender and Family Awareness; Grade School Reading |
13-18 Adolescence; Puberty; Friends, Gangs; Social Awareness; High School Writing |
19-24 Young Adult; Love, Marriage; In-Laws; Wisdom Teeth, Final Brain Development; Death of Grandparents; Global Awareness; College, Military, Dispersal Specialization, Jobs |
| Reproductive Parent Age 25-48 Creating (Gen. 2) Repeat |
25-30 Adult Employment Establish New Home Children Born |
31-36 Raising Children Gender Roles |
37-42 Career Social Productivity |
43-48 Mid-Life Crisis; Children Disperse and Marry; Menopause; Graying, Balding; Death of Parents |
|
| Perceptual Grandparent Age 49-72 Leading (Gen. 3) Share |
49-54 Middle Age Birth of Wisdom Children Establish Homes Grandchildren Born |
55-60 Grandparenting Family Mentoring and aid; Gender Merger |
61-66 Professional and/or Social Leadership |
67-72 Retirement; Reflection, Enlightenment; Death (average); Grandchildren Disperse and Marry |
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| Spiritual (Ancestral) Great Grandparent Age 73-96 Counseling (Gen. 4) Transform |
73+ Old Age; Medically Extended Lifespan; Spiritual Development; Highly Variable Stages; Grandchildren Establish Homes, Great Grandchildren Born; "Second Childhood", Death, Transfiguration |
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| Ages are
averages only; females
develop earlier, live
longer J. A. Gowan and A. T. Jaccaci (revised Nov. 2007) |
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LEVELS (see below) |
MODES (see across) --------------------------------- DEVELOPMENTAL LEVELS (see below) |
3 it, they THE WORLD |
1 I, me THE EGO |
2 thou THE OTHER |
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|
(Affective) PIAGET |
1 SENSORIMOTOR vs. CHAOS |
SHAME AND DOUBT 2 PREOPERATIONAL vs. AUTISM |
GUILT 3 INTUITIVE vs. IMMOBILIZATION |
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|
(Affective) PIAGET-GOWAN |
INFERIORITY 4 CONCRETE OPER'NS vs. NON-CONSERVATION |
ROLE DIFFUSION 5 FORMAL OPERATIONS vs. DEMENTIA PRAECOX |
ISOLATION 6 CREATIVITY vs AUTHORITARIANISM |
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|
(Affective) GOWAN |
STAGNATION 7 PSYCHEDELIA vs. CONVENTIONALISM |
vs. DESPAIR 8 ILLUMINATION vs. SENILE DEPRESSION |
|